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Dynamic tonality
Dynamic tonality is tonal music which uses real-time changes in tuning and timbre to perform new musical effects such as polyphonic tuning bends, new chord progressions, and temperament modulations, with the option of consonance.〔Plamondon, J., Milne, A., and Sethares, W.A., (Dynamic Tonality: Extending the Framework of Tonality into the 21st Century ), ''Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the South Central Chapter of the College Music Society,'' 2009.〕 The performance of dynamic tonality requires an isomorphic keyboard driving a music synthesizer which implements dynamic tuning and dynamic timbres. Dynamic tonality was discovered by Andrew Milne, William Sethares, and Jim Plamondon.
==Isomorphic keyboards and tuning invariance==
Isomorphic keyboards have the unique properties of transpositional invariance〔Keislar, D., (''History and Principles of Microtonal Keyboard Design'' ), Report No. STAN-M-45, Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics, Stanford University, April 1988.〕 and tuning invariance〔Milne, A., Sethares, W.A. and Plamondon, J., (Invariant Fingerings Across a Tuning Continuum ), ''Computer Music Journal'', Winter 2007, Vol. 31, No. 4, Pages 15-32.〕 when used with rank-2 temperaments of just intonation. That is, they expose a given musical interval with "the same shape" in every octave of every key of every tuning of such a temperament. For example, a given tonal scale and its chords will have the same shape, and hence consistent fingering, all across the tuning range of the syntonic temperament. Of the various isomorphic keyboards (e.g., the Bosanquet, Janko, Fokker, and Wesley), the Wicki keyboard is optimal for dynamic tonality.〔Milne, A., Sethares, W.A. and Plamondon, J., (Tuning Continua and Keyboard Layouts ), ''Journal of Mathematics and Music'', Spring 2008.〕
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